叉和分支在github上的区别(difference between fork and branch on github)

 您可以使用@property装饰器来管理您的type属性： 
 
class Ship(object):
    def __init__(self, type):
        self.fixed = define_direction()

        self.row = random_row(board, self)
        self.col = random_col(board, self)
        self.type = type
        print "Type:", str(self.type)

    @property
    def type(self):
        return {
            "Patrol boat": 0,
            "Destroyer": 1,
            "Submarine": 2,
            "Battleship": 3,
            "Aircraft carrier": 4,
        }.get(self._type, 0) 

    @type.setter
    def type(self, type):
        self._type = {
            0: "Patrol boat",
            1: "Destroyer",
            2: "Submarine",
            3: "Battleship",
            4: "Aircraft carrier",
        }.get(type, "Patrol boat") 

    def __repr__(self):
        return "Ship. Type: " + self._type
 
 你的__repr__应该总是返回一个字符串; 你回来了一个元组。 您的错误是由您的self.type()调用引起的; 因为self.type在您的代码中存储了一个字符串，所以您试图将该字符串视为可调用的。 
 
 可以从__init__调用其他函数（类之外）; 它只是你的实例上的另一种方法，只考虑具有和尚未设置的属性。 但是，如果函数依赖于self信息并且在类外没有用处，我会将它移动到带有_前缀的类中，以指示它是类实现的内部。 

You can use a @property decorator to manager your type attribute:
 
class Ship(object):
    def __init__(self, type):
        self.fixed = define_direction()

        self.row = random_row(board, self)
        self.col = random_col(board, self)
        self.type = type
        print "Type:", str(self.type)

    @property
    def type(self):
        return {
            "Patrol boat": 0,
            "Destroyer": 1,
            "Submarine": 2,
            "Battleship": 3,
            "Aircraft carrier": 4,
        }.get(self._type, 0) 

    @type.setter
    def type(self, type):
        self._type = {
            0: "Patrol boat",
            1: "Destroyer",
            2: "Submarine",
            3: "Battleship",
            4: "Aircraft carrier",
        }.get(type, "Patrol boat") 

    def __repr__(self):
        return "Ship. Type: " + self._type
 
Your __repr__ should always return a string; you were returning a tuple instead. Your error was caused by your self.type() call; since self.type stores a string in your code, you were trying to treat that string as a callable.
 
It is fine to call other functions (outside of the class) from __init__; it is just another method on your instance really, just take into account what attributes have and haven't been set yet. However, if the function relies on information on self and has no uses outside the class, I'd move it into the class with a _ prefix to indicate that it is internal to the class implementation.