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应用程序log4j.properties未加载(Application log4j.properties not loaded)

 我在amazon linux（版本201303）上安装了一个干净的tomcat 7，其中一个应用程序部署为ROOT。 log4j-1.2.17.jar驻留在WEB-INF / lib中。 WEB-INF / classes中有一个log4j.properties文件，其中包含以下内容：  
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,A1, A2

log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.Threshold=DEBUG

log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%t-%x-%-5p-%-10c:%m%n

log4j.appender.A2.File=${catalina.home}/logs/app.log
log4j.appender.A2=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A2.DatePattern='.' yyyy-MM-dd
log4j.appender.A2.MaxFileSize=10MB
log4j.appender.A2.MaxBackupIndex=99
log4j.appender.A2.Append=true

log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss,SSS}-%t-%x-%-5p-%-10c:%m%n
 
 在应用程序中，log4j实例化为  
static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ClassName.class.getName());
 
 app.log永远不会被创建。 如果我手动创建它，它永远不会被写入。 唯一的日志记录是在logs / catalina.out中。 我错过了什么？ 我已多次通过http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/logging.html阅读。 以下摘录似乎证实了我的方法：  
 
  如果您只想在自己的Web应用程序中使用log4j，则不需要这些步骤。 - 在这种情况下，只需将log4j.jar和log4j.properties放入Web应用程序的WEB-INF / lib和WEB-INF / classes中。  
 
 catalina_home / lib中有一个log4j.jar和log4j.xml，以及catalina_home / conf中的log4j.properties。 那些与我的WAR中包含的罐子有冲突吗？ 我没有在catalina.out中看到任何错误。  
 UPDATE  
 所以看来WEB-INF / classes中的log4j.properties正在加载。 我删除了ConsoleAppender（log4j.appender.A1）并停止出现在catalina.out中的日志消息。 我把它重新放入，日志消息再次出现在catalina.out中。 奇怪的是转换模式似乎与日志不匹配。 不应该%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%t-%x-%-5p-%-10c:%m%n生成像2013-07-10 INFO ClassName Log message ？ 相反，我看到14:39:29,180 INFO [ClassName] Log message 。  
 更新2  
 我找到了答案。 $ {catalina.home} / lib中有一个log4j.xml，它在容器级别配置log4j。 我想如果我真的在Tomcat中做了什么，我会早点把它想出来。 一旦我开始配置lib / log4j.xml，我得到了预期的结果。 我仍然有点困惑为什么我的应用程序继承了该配置而不是使用自己的log4j.properties。 哦，我实现了预期的结果，所以有时间继续前进。 

I have a clean tomcat 7 installation on amazon linux (version 201303) with one application deployed as ROOT. log4j-1.2.17.jar resides in WEB-INF/lib. There is a log4j.properties file in WEB-INF/classes containing the following: 
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,A1, A2

log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.Threshold=DEBUG

log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%t-%x-%-5p-%-10c:%m%n

log4j.appender.A2.File=${catalina.home}/logs/app.log
log4j.appender.A2=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A2.DatePattern='.' yyyy-MM-dd
log4j.appender.A2.MaxFileSize=10MB
log4j.appender.A2.MaxBackupIndex=99
log4j.appender.A2.Append=true

log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss,SSS}-%t-%x-%-5p-%-10c:%m%n
 
In the app, log4j is instantiated with  
static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ClassName.class.getName());
 
app.log never gets created. If I create it manually, it is never written to. The only logging going on is in logs/catalina.out. What am I missing? I've read through http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/logging.html several times. The following excerpt seems to confirm my approach: 
 
 These steps are not needed if you just want to use log4j in your own web application. — In that case, just put log4j.jar and log4j.properties into WEB-INF/lib and WEB-INF/classes of your web application. 
 
There is a log4j.jar and log4j.xml in catalina_home/lib, along with a log4j.properties in catalina_home/conf. Could those be conflicting with the jars included in my WAR? I don't see any errors in catalina.out. 
UPDATE 
So it appears that the log4j.properties in WEB-INF/classes is loading. I removed the ConsoleAppender (log4j.appender.A1) and log messages stopped appearing in catalina.out. I put it back in and the log messages reappeared in catalina.out. What's weird is the conversion pattern doesn't seem to match the log. Shouldn't %d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%t-%x-%-5p-%-10c:%m%n generate something like 2013-07-10 INFO ClassName Log message? Instead I'm seeing 14:39:29,180 INFO [ClassName] Log message. 
UPDATE 2 
I found my answer. There was a log4j.xml in ${catalina.home}/lib that was configuring log4j at the container level. I guess if I actually new what I was doing in Tomcat I would have figured it out sooner. Once I started configuring lib/log4j.xml I got the expected result. I'm still a little confused why my app inherited that configuration instead of using its own log4j.properties. Oh well, I achieved the intended result so time to move on.

原文：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17561257

更新时间：2022-06-15 11:06

最满意答案

 有些术语是多余的，因为无论如何Java都会采取这种行为。  
A·k mod 2^w
 
 在Java中，整数乘法溢出并因此执行mod 2^w （带符号）。 它有一个符号的事实并不重要，如果你正在移动至少一个位。  
 (w - r)的移位与Java中-r的移位相同（w由类型表示）  
private static final int K_PRIME = (int) 2999999929L;

public static int hash(int a, int r) {
   // return (a * K_PRIME % (2^32)) >>> (32 - r);
   return (a * K_PRIME) >>> -r;
}
 
 为64位  
private static final long K_PRIME = new BigInteger("9876534021204356789").longValue();

public static long hash(long a, int r) {
    // return (a * K_PRIME % (2^64)) >>> (64 - r);
    return (a * K_PRIME) >>> -r;
}
 
 
 我已经写了这个例子来说明你可以在BigInteger中做同样的事情，你为什么不做。 ;）  
public static final BigInteger BI_K_PRIME = new BigInteger("9876534021204356789");
private static long K_PRIME = BI_K_PRIME.longValue();

public static long hash(long a, int r) {
    // return (a * K_PRIME % (2^64)) >>> (64 - r);
    return (a * K_PRIME) >>> -r;
}

public static long biHash(long a, int r) {
    return BigInteger.valueOf(a).multiply(BI_K_PRIME).mod(BigInteger.valueOf(2).pow(64)).shiftRight(64 - r).longValue();
}

public static void main(String... args) {
    Random rand = new Random();
    for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
        long a = rand.nextLong();
        for (int r = 1; r < 64; r++) {
            long h1 = hash(a, r);
            long h2 = biHash(a, r);
            if (h1 != h2)
                throw new AssertionError("Expected " + h2 + " but got " + h1);
        }
    }

    int runs = 1000000;
    long start1 = System.nanoTime();
    for (int i = 0; i < runs; i++)
        hash(i, i & 63);
    long time1 = System.nanoTime() - start1;

    long start2 = System.nanoTime();
    for (int i = 0; i < runs; i++)
        biHash(i, i & 63);
    long time2 = System.nanoTime() - start2;
    System.out.printf("hash with long took an average of %,d ns, " +
            "hash with BigInteger took an average of %,d ns%n",
            time1 / runs, time2 / runs);
}
 
 版画  
hash with long took an average of 3 ns, \
    hash with BigInteger took an average of 905 ns

Some of the terms are redundant because Java assumes this behaviour anyway. 
A·k mod 2^w
 
In Java, integer multiplication overflows and thus does a mod 2^w (with a sign). The fact that it has a sign doesn't matter if you are then shifting by at least one bit. 
Shift of (w - r) is the same as a shift of -r in Java (the w is implied by the type) 
private static final int K_PRIME = (int) 2999999929L;

public static int hash(int a, int r) {
   // return (a * K_PRIME % (2^32)) >>> (32 - r);
   return (a * K_PRIME) >>> -r;
}
 
for 64-bit 
private static final long K_PRIME = new BigInteger("9876534021204356789").longValue();

public static long hash(long a, int r) {
    // return (a * K_PRIME % (2^64)) >>> (64 - r);
    return (a * K_PRIME) >>> -r;
}
 
 
I have written this example to show you can do the same thing in BigInteger and why you wouldn't. ;) 
public static final BigInteger BI_K_PRIME = new BigInteger("9876534021204356789");
private static long K_PRIME = BI_K_PRIME.longValue();

public static long hash(long a, int r) {
    // return (a * K_PRIME % (2^64)) >>> (64 - r);
    return (a * K_PRIME) >>> -r;
}

public static long biHash(long a, int r) {
    return BigInteger.valueOf(a).multiply(BI_K_PRIME).mod(BigInteger.valueOf(2).pow(64)).shiftRight(64 - r).longValue();
}

public static void main(String... args) {
    Random rand = new Random();
    for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
        long a = rand.nextLong();
        for (int r = 1; r < 64; r++) {
            long h1 = hash(a, r);
            long h2 = biHash(a, r);
            if (h1 != h2)
                throw new AssertionError("Expected " + h2 + " but got " + h1);
        }
    }

    int runs = 1000000;
    long start1 = System.nanoTime();
    for (int i = 0; i < runs; i++)
        hash(i, i & 63);
    long time1 = System.nanoTime() - start1;

    long start2 = System.nanoTime();
    for (int i = 0; i < runs; i++)
        biHash(i, i & 63);
    long time2 = System.nanoTime() - start2;
    System.out.printf("hash with long took an average of %,d ns, " +
            "hash with BigInteger took an average of %,d ns%n",
            time1 / runs, time2 / runs);
}
 
prints 
hash with long took an average of 3 ns, \
    hash with BigInteger took an average of 905 ns

应用程序log4j.properties未加载(Application log4j.properties not loaded)

最满意答案

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