首页 \ 问答 \ 在rasterVis中绘制具有重叠多边形的栅格时的范围问题(scoping issues while plotting a raster with an overlayed polygon in rasterVis)

在rasterVis中绘制具有重叠多边形的栅格时的范围问题(scoping issues while plotting a raster with an overlayed polygon in rasterVis)

 我正在开发一个基于rasterVis::levelplot的绘图功能，用户可以只传递一个栅格对象，或一个栅格对象和一个sf多边形对象。 
 

 该函数相当复杂，但显示问题的最小子集读作： 
 

library(sf)
library(raster)
library(rasterVis)

myplot <- function(in_rast, in_poly = NULL) {
  rastplot <- rasterVis::levelplot(in_rast, margin = FALSE)
  polyplot <- layer(sp::sp.polygons(in_poly))
  print(rastplot + polyplot)
}

 

 问题是我在测试时看到了一些奇怪的（对我来说）结果。 让我们定义一些虚拟数据 - 一个1000x1000光栅和一个带有四个多边形的sf POYGON对象，它们分割光栅 - ： 
 

in_rast  <- raster(matrix(nrow = 1000, ncol = 1000))
in_rast  <- setValues(in_rast, seq(1:1000000))

my_poly  <- structure(list(cell_id = 1:4, geometry = structure(list(structure(list(
    structure(c(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 0.5), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 0.5), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg"))), n_empty = 0L, class = c("sfc_POLYGON", 
"sfc"), precision = 0, crs = structure(list(epsg = NA_integer_, 
    proj4string = NA_character_), .Names = c("epsg", "proj4string"
), class = "crs"), bbox = structure(c(0, 0, 1, 1), .Names = c("xmin", 
"ymin", "xmax", "ymax")))), .Names = c("cell_id", "geometry"), row.names = c(NA, 
4L), class = c("sf", "data.frame"), sf_column = "geometry", 
agr = structure(NA_integer_, class = "factor", .Label = c("constant", 
"aggregate", "identity"), .Names = "cell_id"))

 

 并测试功能。 从理论上讲，我认为这应该有效： 
 

my_poly  <- as(my_poly, "Spatial") # convert to spatial
myplot(in_rast, in_poly = my_poly)

 

 但我得到： 
 

 在此处输入图像描述 
 

 这样做： 
 

in_poly <- my_poly
in_poly <- as(in_poly, "Spatial")
myplot(in_rast, in_poly = in_poly)

 

 仍然失败，但结果不同： 
 

 在此处输入图像描述 
 

 我发现让它工作的唯一方法是给多边形对象赋予我从函数内部使用的相同名称（即in_poly ）： 
 

in_poly <- structure(list(cell_id = 1:4, geometry = structure(list(structure(list(
    structure(c(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 0.5), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 0.5), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg"))), n_empty = 0L, class = c("sfc_POLYGON", 
"sfc"), precision = 0, crs = structure(list(epsg = NA_integer_, 
    proj4string = NA_character_), .Names = c("epsg", "proj4string"
), class = "crs"), bbox = structure(c(0, 0, 1, 1), .Names = c("xmin", 
"ymin", "xmax", "ymax")))), .Names = c("cell_id", "geometry"), row.names = c(NA, 
4L), class = c("sf", "data.frame"), sf_column = "geometry", 
agr = structure(NA_integer_, class = "factor", .Label = c("constant", 
"aggregate", "identity"), .Names = "cell_id"))


in_poly  <- as(in_poly, "Spatial")
myplot(in_rast, in_poly = in_poly)

 

 在此处输入图像描述 
 

 谁能解释这里发生了什么？ 这显然是（？）一个范围问题，但我真的不明白为什么函数表现得像这样！ 
 

 提前致谢 ！ 

I'm working on a plotting function based on rasterVis::levelplot to which the user can pass either just a raster object, or a raster object and an sf polygon object. 
 

The function is rather complex, but a minimum subset showing the problem reads as: 
 

library(sf)
library(raster)
library(rasterVis)

myplot <- function(in_rast, in_poly = NULL) {
  rastplot <- rasterVis::levelplot(in_rast, margin = FALSE)
  polyplot <- layer(sp::sp.polygons(in_poly))
  print(rastplot + polyplot)
}

 

The problem is that I see some strange (for me) results while testing it. Let's define some dummy data - a 1000x1000 raster and a sf POYGON oject with four polygons which split the raster -: 
 

in_rast  <- raster(matrix(nrow = 1000, ncol = 1000))
in_rast  <- setValues(in_rast, seq(1:1000000))

my_poly  <- structure(list(cell_id = 1:4, geometry = structure(list(structure(list(
    structure(c(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 0.5), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 0.5), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg"))), n_empty = 0L, class = c("sfc_POLYGON", 
"sfc"), precision = 0, crs = structure(list(epsg = NA_integer_, 
    proj4string = NA_character_), .Names = c("epsg", "proj4string"
), class = "crs"), bbox = structure(c(0, 0, 1, 1), .Names = c("xmin", 
"ymin", "xmax", "ymax")))), .Names = c("cell_id", "geometry"), row.names = c(NA, 
4L), class = c("sf", "data.frame"), sf_column = "geometry", 
agr = structure(NA_integer_, class = "factor", .Label = c("constant", 
"aggregate", "identity"), .Names = "cell_id"))

 

and test the function. In theory, I think this should work: 
 

my_poly  <- as(my_poly, "Spatial") # convert to spatial
myplot(in_rast, in_poly = my_poly)

 

but I get: 
 

enter image description here
 

doing this: 
 

in_poly <- my_poly
in_poly <- as(in_poly, "Spatial")
myplot(in_rast, in_poly = in_poly)

 

still fails, but with a different outcome: 
 

enter image description here
 

The only way I found to have it working is to give to the polygon object the same name that I use inside the function (i.e., in_poly) from the beginning :
 

in_poly <- structure(list(cell_id = 1:4, geometry = structure(list(structure(list(
    structure(c(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 0.5), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg")), structure(list(
    structure(c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 0.5), .Dim = c(5L, 
    2L))), class = c("XY", "POLYGON", "sfg"))), n_empty = 0L, class = c("sfc_POLYGON", 
"sfc"), precision = 0, crs = structure(list(epsg = NA_integer_, 
    proj4string = NA_character_), .Names = c("epsg", "proj4string"
), class = "crs"), bbox = structure(c(0, 0, 1, 1), .Names = c("xmin", 
"ymin", "xmax", "ymax")))), .Names = c("cell_id", "geometry"), row.names = c(NA, 
4L), class = c("sf", "data.frame"), sf_column = "geometry", 
agr = structure(NA_integer_, class = "factor", .Label = c("constant", 
"aggregate", "identity"), .Names = "cell_id"))


in_poly  <- as(in_poly, "Spatial")
myplot(in_rast, in_poly = in_poly)

 

enter image description here
 

Can anyone explain what's happening here ? It's clearly (?) a scoping problem, but I really do not understand why the function behaves like this ! 
 

Thanks in advance !

原文：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45196667
更新时间：2023-05-17 16:05

最满意答案

 mysqldump命令行程序为您执行此操作 - 尽管文档对此非常不清楚。 
 

 需要注意的是〜/ output / dir必须由拥有mysqld的用户写入。 在Mac OS X上： 
 

sudo chown -R _mysqld:_mysqld ~/output/dir
mysqldump --user=dbuser --password --tab=~/output/dir dbname

 

 运行上述之后，您将有一个tablename.sql文件，其中包含每个表的模式（create table statement）和tablename.txt文件，其中包含数据。 
 

 如果要仅使用模式转储，请添加--no-data标志： 
 

mysqldump --user=dbuser --password --no-data --tab=~/output/dir dbname


The mysqldump command line program does this for you - although the docs are very unclear about this.
 

One thing to note is that ~/output/dir has to be writable by the user that owns mysqld. On Mac OS X:
 

sudo chown -R _mysqld:_mysqld ~/output/dir
mysqldump --user=dbuser --password --tab=~/output/dir dbname

 

After running the above, you will have one tablename.sql file containing each table's schema (create table statement) and tablename.txt file containing the data.
 

If you want a dump with schema only, add the --no-data flag:
 

mysqldump --user=dbuser --password --no-data --tab=~/output/dir dbname

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