我不知道输出代码是什么。(I don't know what the output code is. The compiler says there is an invalid character in identifier of line 3)

 正如您所发现的，电子表格的权限和脚本的权限不是一回事。 
 
 只能以匿名方式运行自定义函数，所有其他类型的脚本都需要某种经过身份验证的用户，并且可能需要授权才能访问私有数据。 添加菜单需要登录用户。 您的“操作”也可能需要授权，具体取决于调用的服务。 
 
 参考： 脚本的权限和类型 。 
 
 您可以找到解决此问题的方法，但不能在Sheets UI中找到解决方法。 例如，您可以将操作菜单发布为Web应用程序，该应用程序可用于匿名访问，但可以在您的授权下运行。 
 
 我选择要求您的用户拥有Google帐户。 

Permissions for a Spreadsheet and permissions for scripts are not the same thing, as you've found.
 
Only custom functions can be run anonymously, all other types of scripts require an authenticated user of some sort, and possibly authorization to access private data. Adding menus will require a logged in user. Your "actions" may require authorization as well, depending upon what services are invoked.
 
Reference: Permissions and types of scripts.
 
You can find ways to work around this, but not within the Sheets UI. For example, you could publish a menu of actions as a web app, which would be available for anonymous access but would run under your authorization.
 
I'd opt for requiring your users to have a google account.