如何拼魔方的最底层

 如果你希望能够做到 - from utilities.utility import UtilityFunctionA - 从function.py ，当从顶级目录运行时 - . 。 您需要使用-m选项将python文件作为模块运行。 示例 - 
 
python3 -m src.functions.function
 
 
 但是上面的方法只有在你总是运行时才有效. 目录（顶级目录）。 我总是手动将顶级目录添加到PYTHONPATH环境变量中。 
 
 或者使用os.path和相对路径使用__file__以编程方式将其添加到sys.path 。 示例 - 
 
import sys
import os.path
path_to_top = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'..','..'))
sys.path.append(path_to_top)
 
 在此之后进行导入。 如果目录结构总是保持不变，那么即使在其他系统中也是如此，而不必设置任何环境变量。 
 
 
 根据更新的要求 - 
 
 
 
 现在我收到OSError：File b'utilities / data.csv'不存在的错误 
 
 
 有没有办法设置我的模块从PyCharm和命令行运行？ 
 
 
 对于读取文件，Python使用当前工作目录作为起点，并且相对于当前工作目录解析所有相对路径。 依赖当前工作目录作为特定目录绝不是一个好主意，因为我们可以使用脚本的绝对路径从任何地方运行python脚本。 对于加载文件，我们可以使用os.path和相对路径来创建文件的绝对路径。 示例 - 
 
import os.path
path_to_datacsv = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'..','..','utilities,'data.csv'))

If you want to be able to do - from utilities.utility import UtilityFunctionA - from within function.py , when running from the top level directory - . . You need to run the python file as a module , using -m option. Example -
 
python3 -m src.functions.function
 
 
But The above method only works if you always run from the . directory (top-level directory) . I always either add the top-level directory manually into the PYTHONPATH environment variable.
 
Or use os.path and relative path to add it to sys.path programmatically using __file__. Example -
 
import sys
import os.path
path_to_top = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'..','..'))
sys.path.append(path_to_top)
 
After this do the import. If the directory structures would always remain the same, this would work even in other systems, without having to set any environment variable.
 
 
As per the updated requirements -
 
 
 
Now I receive the error that OSError: File b'utilities/data.csv' does not exist
 
 
Is there any way to setup my module to run both from within PyCharm and also from the command line?
 
 
For reading files, Python uses the current working directory as the start point , and all relative paths are resolved relative to the current working directory. It is never a good idea to rely on the current working directory to be a particular directory as we can run python scripts from anywhere using absolute path to the script. For loading files as well, we can use os.path and relative paths to create the absolute path to the file. Example -
 
import os.path
path_to_datacsv = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'..','..','utilities,'data.csv'))