使用Node.js操作Mongoose / MongoDB数组(Manipulating Mongoose/MongoDB Array using Node.js)

 我注意到有关如何使用Mongoosejs操纵对象数组的文档和信息很少。 
 
 我有一个用户的以下模型/架构： 
 
'use strict';

/**
 * Module Dependencies
 */

var bcrypt    = require('bcrypt-nodejs');
var crypto    = require('crypto');
var mongoose  = require('mongoose');

 /**
 * Custom types
 */
var ObjectId = mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId;

var userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({

  email: { type: String, unique: true, index: true },
  password: { type: String },
  type: { type: String, default: 'user' },
  facebook: { type: String, unique: true, sparse: true },
  twitter: { type: String, unique: true, sparse: true },
  google: { type: String, unique: true, sparse: true },
  github: { type: String, unique: true, sparse: true },
  tokens: Array,

  profile: {
    name: { type: String, default: '' },
    gender: { type: String, default: '' },
    location: { type: String, default: '' },
    website: { type: String, default: '' },
    picture: { type: String, default: '' },
    phone: {
      work: { type: String, default: '' },
      home: { type: String, default: '' },
      mobile: { type: String, default: '' }
    }
  },

  activity: {
    date_established: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
    last_logon: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
    last_updated: { type: Date }
  },

  resetPasswordToken: { type: String },
  resetPasswordExpires: { type: Date },

  verified: { type: Boolean, default: true },
  verifyToken: { type: String },

  enhancedSecurity: {
    enabled: { type: Boolean, default: false },
    type: { type: String },  // sms or totp
    token: { type: String },
    period: { type: Number },
    sms: { type: String },
    smsExpires: { type: Date }
  },

  friends: [{
    friend: { type: ObjectId, ref: 'User' },
    verified: { type: Boolean, default: false }
  }]

});

/* (...) some functions that aren't necessary to be shown here */

module.exports = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);
 
 因此，您可以检查我在用户中定义的朋友，如下所示： 
 
  friends: [{
    friend: { type: ObjectId, ref: 'User' },
    verified: { type: Boolean, default: false }
  }]
 
 现在的问题是如何在Node.js脚本中添加，编辑和删除此数组？ 
 
 BOTTOMLINE：如何使用Node.js和Mongoose.js操作MongoDB Schema中的数组？ 我是否总是要创建一个Schema功能，还是可以直接访问它？ 
 
 编辑（2014年7月13日）：到目前为止，我已经创建了一个HTTP GET，它给了我这样的数组： 
 
app.get('/workspace/friends/:userid', passportConf.isAuthenticated, function (req, res) {
  User.find({_id: req.params.userid}, function (err, items) {
      if (err) {
          return (err, null);
      }
      console.log(items[0].friends);
      res.json(items[0].friends);
  });
});
 
 但这只返回一个friendIds数组，但是如果我想创建某种'/ workspace / friends /：userid / del /：friendid'POST或添加POST会怎样。 我似乎无法弄清楚如何完成这项工作。 

I've noticed there's little documentation and info about how I should manipulate an array of objects using Mongoosejs.
 
I have the following model/Schema for an User:
 
'use strict';

/**
 * Module Dependencies
 */

var bcrypt    = require('bcrypt-nodejs');
var crypto    = require('crypto');
var mongoose  = require('mongoose');

 /**
 * Custom types
 */
var ObjectId = mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId;

var userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({

  email: { type: String, unique: true, index: true },
  password: { type: String },
  type: { type: String, default: 'user' },
  facebook: { type: String, unique: true, sparse: true },
  twitter: { type: String, unique: true, sparse: true },
  google: { type: String, unique: true, sparse: true },
  github: { type: String, unique: true, sparse: true },
  tokens: Array,

  profile: {
    name: { type: String, default: '' },
    gender: { type: String, default: '' },
    location: { type: String, default: '' },
    website: { type: String, default: '' },
    picture: { type: String, default: '' },
    phone: {
      work: { type: String, default: '' },
      home: { type: String, default: '' },
      mobile: { type: String, default: '' }
    }
  },

  activity: {
    date_established: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
    last_logon: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
    last_updated: { type: Date }
  },

  resetPasswordToken: { type: String },
  resetPasswordExpires: { type: Date },

  verified: { type: Boolean, default: true },
  verifyToken: { type: String },

  enhancedSecurity: {
    enabled: { type: Boolean, default: false },
    type: { type: String },  // sms or totp
    token: { type: String },
    period: { type: Number },
    sms: { type: String },
    smsExpires: { type: Date }
  },

  friends: [{
    friend: { type: ObjectId, ref: 'User' },
    verified: { type: Boolean, default: false }
  }]

});

/* (...) some functions that aren't necessary to be shown here */

module.exports = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);
 
So as you can check I defined Friends inside User like this:
 
  friends: [{
    friend: { type: ObjectId, ref: 'User' },
    verified: { type: Boolean, default: false }
  }]
 
Now the question is how can I add, edit and delete this array in a Node.js script?
 
BOTTOMLINE: How can I manipulate arrays that are inside MongoDB Schemas, using Node.js and Mongoose.js? Do I always have to create a Schema function or can I access it directly?
 
EDIT (13/07/2014): So far I've created a HTTP GET that gives me the array like this:
 
app.get('/workspace/friends/:userid', passportConf.isAuthenticated, function (req, res) {
  User.find({_id: req.params.userid}, function (err, items) {
      if (err) {
          return (err, null);
      }
      console.log(items[0].friends);
      res.json(items[0].friends);
  });
});
 
But this only returns an array of friendIds, but what if I want to create some sort of '/workspace/friends/:userid/del/:friendid' POST, or add POST. I can't seem to figure out how I can get this done.