如何为一系列操作实现“原子性”？(How to implement “atomicity” for a series of operations? (not necessarily multithreading related))

 问题 
 
 我的程序有一个操作，它由一系列单个操作组成，这些操作都改变了全局状态。 每个基本操作都可能失败并使全局状态处于未定义状态。 
 
 问题 
 
 是否存在一种通用模式，可帮助我使组合操作成为“原子”，即如果其中一个子操作失败，则全局状态保持不变？ 
 
 我使用C ++，所以如果答案包含代码，如果您有选择，请更喜欢该语言。 但我不介意其他语言的例子。 
 
 评论 
 
 
 
 这类似于数据库的“原子性”，在执行提交时，您可以在其中添加全部或全部内容。 这是如何实现的？ 
 
 
 在我的情况下，我的全局状态是文件系统的状态。 我需要一次添加或删除多个文件，并希望确保它们都已添加或未添加任何内容。 
 
 
 我的想法 
 
 我能想到的最好的是一个获取操作列表及其逆操作的类。 如果任何操作失败，它将执行已执行操作的反向操作。 但如果其中一个反向操作失败该怎么办？ 
 
 该类的界面如何？ 我是否会有一个类似于可逆操作的额外课程？ 你知道一个我可以阅读更多关于这个问题的地方吗？ 

The Problem
 
My programm has an operation which consists of a series of single operations that all change global state. Each of the elementary operations can fail and leave the global state in an undefined state. 
 
The Question
 
Is there a generic pattern that helps me to make the composed operation "atomic" in the sense that if one of the suboperations fails, the global state is left unchanged?
 
I use C++, so if answers contain code, please prefer that language if you have a choice. But I do not mind examples in other languages.
 
Comments
 
 
 
This resembles the "atomicity" of a database, where you add all or nothing when doing a commit. How is that implemented?
 
 
In my case my global state is the state of the file-system. I need to add or remove multiple files at once and want to make sure that they are all added or nothing is added.
 
 
My Thoughts
 
The best I can come up with is a class that gets a list of operations and their inverse operations. If any of the operations fails, it executes the reverse operations of the already executed operations. But what to do if one of the reverse operations fails?
 
How would the interface of that class look like? Would I have an extra class that resembles an reversible operation? Do you know a place where I can read more about this problem?

原文：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33548463